Here are some interesting facts about the Black Sea:
The most "hydrogen sulfide" sea
The Black Sea is a habitat for 2500 species of animals, 270 species of multicellular algae, more than 600 species of phytoplankton. At the same time, there are practically no deep inhabitants in it due to the fact that water at a depth below 150 meters is extremely saturated with hydrogen sulfide, only a few species of bacteria survive there.
Positive fresh water balance
The Black Sea differs from many other seas of the planet in that it has a positive fresh water balance, which means that it receives more water from rivers and precipitation than it evaporates.
The main source of salt water in the Black Sea is the water that comes from the Mediterranean Sea, the replenishment process is carried out mainly through the Bosphorus Strait extremely slowly (usually it takes hundreds of years). The ratio of fresh and salt water varies with the season - this is a key factor that has a significant impact on marine creatures and plants that live in the Black Sea.
Either hospitable or not.
Over the centuries , the Black Sea has changed many names. For example, the ancient Greeks called it Pont Aksinsky (Inhospitable Sea), and later - Pont Euxinsky (Hospitable Sea). The Indian tribes, in turn, chose the name Temarun, and the Iranians - Ahshaena. In Ancient Russia, until the 16th century, the reservoir was Russian or Scythian.
"Invaders" and newcomers
According to the Federal Research Center "Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences" in Sevastopol , over the past 5 years, scientists have discovered about 100 new species of Black Sea inhabitants: among them there are both "invaders" that previously lived in other water bodies, and those that were not at all known to science so far.
True, not all inhabitants of the Black Sea are harmless. For example, in 1974, through the Bosporus and Dardanelles, a predator was brought into it by the current - the mollusk rapana, which ate all the oysters.
Are there sharks?
Sharks are also found in the sea, but only one species - katrans. They rarely grow more than a meter in length, but have venomous spines on their dorsal fins. Katrans are very timid and stay away from the shore and from people.
Red Book Dolphins…
Three species of dolphins live in the Black Sea - this is the azovka, or porpoise (the smallest dolphin), the bottlenose dolphin and the common dolphin. Moreover, the first two species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as endangered. By the way, in June 2020, during expeditionary research conducted by the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientists discovered a very rare albino dolphin (completely white). The last time such a species of mammals , according to them, met 6-7 years ago.
And white-bellied seals
White-bellied seals are also found in the Black Sea. A small number of them lives off the coast of Bulgaria. Single individuals occasionally visit the coast of Romania. Part of the population is in the waters of Turkey. Until the end of the last century, these seals could also be observed in the southwest of Crimea .
Why is it black in the end?
There are at least two versions. The first one says that in the old days the north on the maps was indicated in black (the south - in white), and the sea was located precisely in the northern part of the maps. The second hypothesis is related to hydrogen sulfide, which covers metal objects that have fallen to the bottom (for example, a ship's anchor) with a black coating.
Pioneer steamer
In 1820, the first steamship was launched into the waters of the Black Sea. They became the wheeled "Vesuvius" with a length of about 29 meters. It was built from oak and partially pine in Nikolaev. The ship was part of the Black Sea Fleet , and was used for towing and cargo transportation between Kherson and Nikolaev.
Whirlpools, ebb and flow
In the Black Sea there are two looped whirlpools with a wavelength of 300-400 km, which are similar in shape to glasses. The oceanologist Nikolai Knipovich was the first to describe this scheme. In honor of him, she began to be called "Knipovich's glasses." And there are no pronounced tides in the Black Sea due to the weak exchange of water with the Atlantic Ocean.
Sea monster
There are numerous fables and myths about the Black Sea. Either “sensations” about the found goblin shark appear on the Internet, or some “experts” predict an “ice age” for the reservoir. One of the most popular legends is dedicated to the Karadag snake, which was mentioned by Herodotus. Allegedly a black creature with a huge mouth and mane, large teeth and claws swam at incredible speed, overtaking even high-speed ships. Rumors about the monster do not subside to this day.
Sunken ships
The Black Sea also keeps many tragic stories. More than one thousand coordinates of ships and aircraft sunken here are included in the collections of maritime disasters . The most "elusive" ship was called the "Armenia", which sank during the German bombardment on November 7, 1941 off the southern coast of Crimea. On board, according to various estimates, there were from 6 to 10 thousand refugees and the wounded. It was only in April 2020 that they were able to find the crash site of the ship. Over 20 years of especially active searches, more than 300 sq. km of seabed. Today, many Crimean diving clubs offer tourists an underwater excursion to the places of sunken ships.
Beaches for every taste
Finally, a vacation on the Black Sea coast is probably the dream of every tourist. Depending on the region of Crimea , beach areas differ in their types : for example, for the South coast, they are mainly pebble, for the west coast - sandy , for the east - mostly sandy and in some places small pebbles, for Sevastopol and Balaklava - sand and pebbles.
“The Black Sea is the safest place for recreation and the most touristic place, since there are no dangerous inhabitants here, and the Crimean coast has a unique feature - a variety of beaches . There are white sand beaches - this is the Tarkhankut Peninsula , there are yellow ones - this is the side of Evpatoria and Feodosia .
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