The future of green and hydrogen energy is inextricably linked with the accumulation of hydrogen for further use in fuel cells in transport, industry and in everyday life. The safest and easiest way is to pump hydrogen into cylinders under pressure, but a high volumetric gas content cannot be achieved. One alternative is the storage of hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides, but with this there were a number of previously unresolved problems. American scientists have found a way to solve them.
The accumulation of hydrogen in the form of metal compounds (hydrides) is convenient for the safety and ease of storage in the solid phase (in a bound state). Technologies for liberating hydrogen from such a state have long been developed, although in general the method is somewhat more expensive than storing hydrogen in the gas and, possibly, in the liquid phase. Also, the hydride form of storage was accompanied by significant degradation of the substance for binding and rather high pressures when pumping hydrogen into the storage tanks. Scientists from two US national laboratories have tried to eliminate the disadvantages of hydrides as hydrogen storage facilities and have been successful.
Researchers at Livermore National Laboratory. Lawrence LLNL and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have found a way to significantly soften the conditions for binding hydrogen to metallic aluminum and converting it to aluminum hydride. Under normal conditions, this requires maintaining a pressure of over 6900 atmospheres. The new nanostructured framework of the material with many nanopores made it possible to regenerate the hydride at a pressure of only 690 atmospheres (700 bar). Such pressures are readily achievable in commercial hydrogen filling stations, although further research is needed for quick refueling.
Aluminum hydride has a bulk density of hydrogen twice that of liquid hydrogen and multiples of storage in the gas phase. The technologies proposed by American scientists may ultimately lead to the emergence of solid-state hydrogen batteries, which will be no more difficult to operate than conventional ones.
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