Understanding the hidden part of the universe can lead to the birth of new ideas about space-time or destroy or make old ideas more credible. But what really makes the world behave this way? This is the question that scientists have been trying to answer for years. After the introduction of Einstein's theory of general relativity, humans' view of dark matter and dark energy expanded. However, there are still many things that scientists are looking for an answer to. Today, researchers are searching for a nature called "phantom energy" or "dark radiation".
By inventing newer and more powerful tools for observing the universe, scientists hoped to find more efficient methods for exploring the entire universe, but by studying just a few celestial bodies, one could not grasp the true truth of the universe or even all astronomy.
In the 1930s, attention was drawn to dark matter, in which there must be a substance that emits radiation and does not react with visible light, but at the same time covers every part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recently, astronomers have been able to obtain more information about dark matter indirectly by using the force of gravity; Like the fact that about 23% of the total mass of the universe is dark matter.
In 1929, Edwin Hubble proved that the universe is expanding and galaxies are moving away from each other, and then, by Hubble's constant definition, left one of the paradoxes of physics because as the universe continues to expand, so does the Hubble constant. It is not and is changeable. But what is the cause of this expansion? This was the point at which astronomers set out to search for the source material, and finally came up with an unknown form of energy that penetrates all of space and causes an increasing repulsive force, and for this dark energy to be consistent with Einstein's theory it takes more than two Include a third of the energy available in the world.
But from all the available evidence and the rejection of studied fascinations with other celestial bodies, it is inferred that the universe expanded more in the second half of its life. One of the evidences is in favor of dark energy, confirming its existence and explaining why, by comparing the cosmic wave patterns of the universe, it seems close and flat, as it would not be possible without unknown energy. Because otherwise the overall balance in the galaxy will be upset.
But all this evidence of dark matter and celestial bodies is not enough to complete our cosmic jigsaw puzzle. There are rumors of dark radiation and a special form of dark energy called phantom energy among scientists, but this energy should not be confused with the energy of ghosts or vampires; Vampire energy is the electrical energy that is being used by your devices 24 hours a day, even if they are off or not in use.
This is at a time when humanity is having difficulty even understanding basic forces such as gravity on a massive galactic scale. Robert Caldwell is a theoretical physicist at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire who researches questions that relate to the fundamental properties of the universe.
"I guess the news wave started in 2000," he says of dark energy. Dark energy and gravity were two suggestions made by man for cosmic expansion, and researchers speculated that gravity on cosmic scales would work differently, which it called modified or dark. "But the expression 'dark radiation' seems ridiculous because I think there is a place where the amount of radiation allowed in the early universe is very different from the original amount."
The second wave of news, which attracted a lot of attention and was a driving force to continue talking about the dark side of the world, goes back to Adam Reese's article from Johns Hopkins University in 2016, which also included 14 colleagues from 11 research institutes. Others also contributed to the compilation of this article.
This paper examines the distance of Earth from 19 other galaxies using the characteristics of 2,000 variable white stars and supernovae, which reveals astonishing facts. According to this paper, the new estimated speed for the expansion of the universe is about 45.5 miles per second (73.2 kilometers per second) per 3.26 million light-years. With these descriptions, the distance between cosmic bodies will probably double in another 9.8 billion years.
One of the challenges of this paper is that these figures differ significantly from previous measurements by the Planck satellite at the European Space Agency. In other words, this article showed that the world is moving 9 percent faster than it should be. "The things we're trying to use to explore the universe are still vague, and the things we knew from the past aren't working as well as they used to, and they're very rudimentary. Strange things are happening," said Brad Tucker, one of the authors. Is."
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
Your comment and facebook share will be appreciated