An international group of scientists from Russia and Japan demonstrated for the first time the possibility of controlled production of carbon nanotubes with desired properties. The technology made it possible to create an experimental transistor with a channel length of 2.8 nm. This brings it closer to the practical application of carbon nanotubes in electronics and high-precision sensors.
Image source: NUST MISIS
One of the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes is the complete change in their properties, including electrical conductivity, even with a minimal change in twisting, or, as scientists say, with a change in the chirality index. The problem is that in the mode of conventional synthesis of nanotubes - hollow cylinders made of twisted sheets of graphene - an array is obtained from a whole zoo of structures, from which it is impossible to isolate nanotubes with the properties of semiconductors or metals.
In principle, this approach allows the use of carbon nanotubes as elements of transistors, but such structures can only be scaled up to a certain limit. In particular, it was impossible to make a transistor from a single nanotube in this way. In any case, from the point of view of a mass and controlled production method. Scientists from Russia and Japan have challenged this and achieved notable success.
Image source: NUST MISIS
The experiment was carried out by scientists in Japan. The theoretical substantiation of the resulting result and modeling were carried out by scientists from Russia, in particular from NUST MISIS and IBCP RAS. The work has been published in the leading international journal Science .
Researchers have found out and theoretically substantiated the effect of local heating of carbon nanotubes with concomitant plastic deformation, during which nanotubes acquire specified semiconducting properties while retaining their metallic properties. In fact, scientists have shown how individual carbon nanotubes can be turned into structures that are identical to transistors. These experiments will be continued, but even now the repeatability of the result gives rise to the hope that someday we will see a step towards even smaller electronic components.
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