To charge electric vehicle batteries in 5 minutes, you need not only special batteries, but also appropriate charging stations and non-trivial charging cables. Such cables must withstand the currents that are out of the ordinary today, which cannot be done without very, very serious cooling. This problem is solved by a liquid-vapor-cooled charging cable proposed by scientists.
A group of scientists from Purdue University, Indiana, have been specializing in technology for removing heat by transferring liquid to vapor for over 30 years. Heat pipes are a well-known example of such coolers. Even before the advent of our computers, heat pipes worked in nuclear reactors, in the aerospace industry and many other places. Cooling the charging cable with a liquid-vapor method, the researchers are sure, is much more effective than cooling with just a refrigerant.
The special liquid is passed through a heat source and brought to a boil, forming vapor bubbles, which then pass by the heat source and then condense back into liquid form. This effect is called boiling in a stream. The heat transfer system is closed and constantly recirculates the media, making it simple and efficient. Without such a system with only liquid refrigerant, the thickness of the charging cable would have to be increased to unrealistic dimensions for practical use if we were to strive for fast (five-minute) charging.
Scientists tested their solution at the stand. Experience was not delivered on real charging and batteries of an electric vehicle. Researchers are now looking for a manufacturer who would be willing to take the development to a series of practical tests. It is argued that, compared to a conventional 520 amp cable (today these are the maximum permissible charging currents at stations), their cable, with relatively similar weight and dimensions, can pass 2,400 amperes without overheating. If necessary, they can create a structure for transmitting even more current, but so far they do not see the need for this.
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